It occurred to me that
clavicle (collarbone) is actually Latin for
keybone, so I decided to provide vernacular translations of other major bones of the skeleton (source is Merriam-Webster):
Skeleton -
skeletos -
boneshell (New Latin, from Greek, neuter of
skeletos dried up; akin to Greek
skellein to dry up,
sklEros hard and perhaps to Old English
sceald shallow)
Collarbone -
clavicle -
keybone (French
clavicule, from New Latin
clavicula, from Latin, diminutive of Latin
clavis; akin to Greek
kleid-, kleis key,
kleiein to close)
Kneecap -
patella -
dishbone (Latin, from diminutive of
patina shallow dish) or
skimbone (
patina 1 a : a usually green film formed naturally on copper and bronze by long exposure or artificially (as by acids) and often valued aesthetically for its color
b : a surface appearance of something grown beautiful especially with age or use
2 : an appearance or aura that is derived from association, habit, or established character
3 : a superficial covering or exterior)
Elbow -
(h)ellbent or
(h)ellbone (Middle English
elbowe, from Old English
elboga, from
el- (akin to
eln ell) + Old English
boga bow)
Skull -
cranium -
headbone (Medieval Latin, from Greek
kranion; akin to Greek
kara head, more at cerebrum)
Foot -
tarsus -
flatbone (New Latin, from Greek
tarsos wickerwork mat, flat of the foot, ankle, edge of the eyelid; akin to Greek
tersesthai to become dry -- more at thirst)
Breastbone -
sternum -
broadbone (New Latin, from Greek
sternon chest, breastbone; akin to Old High German
stirna forehead, Latin
sternere to spread out -- more at strew)
Backbone or spine -
spina -
thornbone or
stembone (Middle English, thorn, spinal column, from Latin
spina; perhaps akin to Latin
spica ear of grain)